Trading Risk

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Trading Risk

How to Make Risk Management Trade-Offs Work in Your Favor
By: Kenneth L. Grant

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Product code: 20066
ISBN: 0471650919
304 pages
Format: Hb
Published by: John Wiley & Sons, 2004, 1st edition
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Description of Trading Risk
Revolutionary techniques that traders can implement to improve profits and avoid losses

No trader, professional or individual, can afford not to have a solid risk management program integrated into his or her trading system. But finding a precise mathematical model to replace subjective decision-making processes is a challenge. Traditionally, risk management has focused solely on loss avoidance, but in Trading Risk, hedge fund risk manager Kenneth Grant presents some-thing completely new - how to manage a portfolio to minimize risk and increase profits by putting more capital at risk.

Trading Risk details a risk management program that can help both money managers and individual traders evaluate which elements in a portfolio are working efficiently and which aren’t. By illustrating an extremely simple set of statistical and arithmetic tools this book can help readers enhance their performance in many financial markets.

Trading Risk - Chapter headings
Preface
Acknowledgments

1. The Risk Management Investment

2. Setting Performance Objectives
Optimal Target Return
Nominal Target Return
Stop-Out Level
The Beach

3. Understanding the Profit/Loss Patterns over Time

And Now to Statistics, but First a Word (or More) about Time Series Construction
Time Units
Time Spans
Graphical Representation of Daily P/L
Histogram of P/L Observations
Statistics
A Tribute to Sir Isaac Newton
Average P/L
Standard Deviation
Sharpe Ratio
Median P/L
Percentage of Winning Days
Performance Ratio, Average P/L, Winning Days versus Losing Days
Drawdown
Correlations
Putting It All Together

4. The Risk Components of an Individual Portfolio
Historical Volatility
Options Implied Volatility
Correlation
Value at Risk (VaR)
Justification for VaR Calculations
Types of VaR Calculations
Testing VaR Accuracy
Setting VaR Parameters
Use of VaR Calculation in Portfolio Management
Scenario Analysis
Technical Analysis

5. Setting Appropriate Exposure Levels (Rule 1)
Determining the Appropriate Ranges of Exposure
Method 1: Inverted Sharpe Ratio
Method 2: Managing Volatility as a Percentage of Trading Capital
Drawdowns and Netting Risk
Asymmetric Payoff Function

6. Adjusting Portfolio Exposure (Rule 2)
Size of Individual Positions
Directional Bias
Position Level Volatility
Time Horizon
Diversification
Leverage
Optionality
Nonlinear Pricing Dynamics
Relationship between Strike Price and Underlying Price (Moneyness)
Implied Volatility
Asymmetric Payoff Functions
Leverage Characteristics
Summary

7. The Risk Components of an Individual Trade
Your Transaction Performance
Key Components of a Transactions-Level Database
Defining a Transaction
Position Snapshot Statistics
Core Transactions-Level Statistics
Trade Level P/L
Holding Period
Average P/L
P/L per Dollar Invested (Weighted Average P/L)
Average Holding Period
P/L by Security (P/L Attribution)
Long Side P/L versus Short Side P/L
Correlation Analysis
Number of Daily Transactions
Capital Invested
Net Market Value (Raw)
Net Market Value (Absolute Value)
Number of Positions
Holding Periods
Volatility/VaR
Other Correlations
Final Word on Correlation
Performance Success Metrics
Methods for Improving Performance Ratios
Performance Ratio Components
Maximizing Your P/L
Profitability Concentration (90/10) Ratio
Putting It All Together

8. Bringin' It on Home
Make a Plan and Stick to It
If the Plan’s Not Working, Change the Plan
Seek to Trade with an "Edge"
Structural Inefficiencies
Methodological Inefficiencies
Play Your P/L
Avoid Surprises - Especially to Yourself
Seek to Maximize Your Performance at the Margin
Seek Nonmonetary Benefits
Apply Liberal Doses of Humility and Humor
Be Healthy/Cultivate Other Interests

APPENDIX: Optimal f and Risk of Ruin
Optimal f
Risk of Ruin
Index

Authobiography of Kenneth L. Grant
Kenneth L. Grant (New York, NY) is Managing Partner and CIO of Exis Capital, a NYC-based multi-strategy hedge fund. Prior to this, Grant worked as the head of risk management for both Tudor Investments and the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. He was also the chief investment strategist for SAC Capital Advisors, one of the largest hedge funds in the world with over $4 billion under management. Grant holds a Bachelor of Science in Economics and Mathematics from the University of Wisconsin, an MA in economics from Columbia University, and an MBA from the University of Chicago Graduate School of Business.